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| Illustration by Ai |
The full study is available
through the official DOI at https://doi.org/10.59890/ijaamr.v4i7.247
and the journal website at https://nvlmultitechpublisher.my.id/index.php/ijaamr/index.
Why Parking Revenue Matters
for Regional Development
Local Own-Source Revenue plays a
critical role in supporting regional autonomy in Indonesia. Under the
decentralization framework, local governments are expected to generate
sufficient income to fund development programs and reduce dependence on central
government transfers. One potential source of revenue is parking retribution,
particularly in busy commercial areas with high vehicle traffic.
To improve efficiency and reduce
revenue leakage, many local governments have begun implementing electronic
parking systems, including QRIS payments, Electronic Data Capture (EDC)
devices, and subscription-based parking services. In Cianjur Regency, the government
introduced a subscription parking policy through Regent Regulation No. 65 of
2023, making the Bojongmeron Area a pilot zone for digital parking
implementation.
However, introducing digital
technology alone did not immediately solve existing problems.
Official data revealed that
parking revenue performance in Cianjur experienced a dramatic decline in 2024.
Although the local government set a target of Rp13 billion in parking revenue,
actual collections reached only Rp3.6 billion, representing just 27.69 percent
of the target. This gap raised concerns about the effectiveness of digital
parking implementation and the readiness of stakeholders to adopt the new
system.
How the Research Was Conducted
The researchers used a
quantitative explanatory approach involving 160 respondents consisting of
parking service users and parking attendants operating in the Bojongmeron Area.
Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure they had sufficient
experience with the digital parking system.
Data were collected using
structured questionnaires measuring three main variables:
- Parking digitalization readiness
- Public accountability
- Optimization of Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD)
The analysis was conducted using
Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS
4.0 software to evaluate the relationships among these variables.
Digital Readiness Strongly
Improves Accountability
One of the study’s most important
findings is the strong relationship between digitalization readiness and public
accountability.
The analysis found that parking
digitalization readiness had a significant positive effect on public
accountability, with a path coefficient of 0.698 and a significance value of
0.000. Respondents generally expressed confidence that digital parking systems
made parking management easier and more efficient. The average readiness score
reached 3.51, categorized as high.
According to the researchers,
people who understand and trust digital systems are more likely to comply with
regulations, support transparency, and participate in accountable public
service practices. This readiness helps reduce opportunities for irregularities
and strengthens oversight mechanisms.
Accountability Helps Increase
Regional Revenue
The study also confirmed that
public accountability directly contributes to better revenue performance.
Public accountability
significantly influenced PAD optimization, with a path coefficient of 0.238 and
a significance value of 0.014. Transparency, legal compliance, supervision, and
responsiveness were identified as key factors supporting more effective revenue
collection.
Researchers noted that illegal
levies remain one of the biggest challenges in the parking sector. Survey
results showed relatively low scores related to the absence of unauthorized
fees, indicating that accountability issues continue to undermine revenue
collection efforts.
When accountability improves,
revenue leakages can be reduced, enabling more funds to enter regional
government coffers.
Digital Parking Directly
Supports Revenue Growth
Beyond accountability,
digitalization readiness also demonstrated a direct positive effect on revenue
optimization.
The research found that parking
digitalization readiness significantly increased PAD optimization, with a path
coefficient of 0.395 and a significance value of 0.000. Combined with indirect
effects through accountability, the total impact reached 56.1 percent.
Digital systems simplify
transaction recording, improve data reconciliation, reduce administrative
costs, and minimize opportunities for manual manipulation. Respondents gave
particularly high ratings to faster data recording and easier verification of parking
transactions, demonstrating the practical benefits of digital transformation.
Accountability Acts as the
Missing Link
Perhaps the most significant
finding of the study is that public accountability partially mediates the
relationship between digital readiness and revenue optimization.
The mediation effect was
statistically significant, with a coefficient of 0.166 and a significance level
of 0.016. This means that technology alone cannot maximize regional revenue
unless accompanied by transparent governance, regulatory compliance, and public
trust.
Fitriyah, V. Rudy Handoko, and
Bambang Kusbandrijo of Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya argue that digital
transformation should not be viewed merely as the procurement of applications,
devices, or subscription systems. Their findings indicate that technological
readiness must be supported by accountability mechanisms that ensure honesty,
transparency, and fair enforcement. Without those elements, revenue leakages
may continue despite sophisticated digital infrastructure.
Implications for Local
Governments
The findings offer important
lessons for local governments across Indonesia that are investing in smart city
initiatives and digital public services.
The study suggests that
successful digital parking programs require a balanced approach involving:
- Investment in digital infrastructure
- Public digital literacy programs
- Strong supervision and enforcement
- Transparent reporting systems
- Rapid responses to complaints and system failures
The researchers specifically
recommend that Cianjur Regency strengthen community education efforts, crack
down on illegal parking practices, and develop real-time public dashboards that
allow citizens to monitor parking revenue circulation.
As local governments continue
adopting digital governance strategies, the study demonstrates that
accountability remains a crucial factor in turning technological innovation
into measurable financial outcomes.
Author Profile
Fitriyah is a researcher
from Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya specializing in public
administration, digital governance, and public sector accountability. She
co-authored this study with Dr. V. Rudy Handoko and Dr. Bambang
Kusbandrijo, academics whose expertise includes public policy, governance
reform, regional finance, and public service innovation. Together, they focus
on improving government performance through technology-driven administrative
transformation.
Source
Article
Title: The Impact of Parking Digitalization Readiness on the
Optimization of Local Own-Source Revenue Through Public Accountability in the
Bojongmeron Area, Cianjur Regency
Authors: Fitriyah, V. Rudy Handoko, Bambang Kusbandrijo
Journal: International Journal of Applied and Advanced
Multidisciplinary Research (IJAAMR)
Year: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59890/ijaamr.v4i7.247
Official Journal URL: https://nvlmultitechpublisher.my.id/index.php/ijaamr/index
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