The use of concrete learning media, such as fraction boards, has been proven effective in improving conceptual understanding, learning outcomes, and motivation among elementary school students in mathematics. This finding was revealed by Eliawati, Anwar Novianto, and Setiawan Edi Wibowo from Yogyakarta State University in their research published in 2026. This research is significant because fractions are often perceived as abstract and difficult concepts for lower-grade students, requiring manipulative media to support their cognitive development.
Mathematics at the elementary level serves as a vital foundation for higher education. However, many students struggle to grasp fractions because the material is frequently presented symbolically without the support of tangible learning tools. According to Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, elementary students—particularly in lower grades—are in the concrete operational stage, meaning they require direct interaction with physical objects to build understanding.
To examine the impact of these tools, the researchers employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, analyzing 30 relevant articles published between 2020 and 2025. The articles were selected based on the use of fraction boards and similar manipulative tools, such as fraction puzzles, flannel boards, and game-based media for mathematics instruction.
The results of the systematic review indicate a consistent pattern:
- Fraction boards and similar manipulative media are consistently effective in improving mathematics learning outcomes and conceptual mastery.
- These media help students understand the relationship between parts and wholes, as well as compare fraction values more easily.
- The effectiveness of these tools increases significantly when integrated with active learning models, such as discovery learning or problem-based learning.
- Fraction board media are valid, practical, and highly suitable for the cognitive needs of students in lower grades.
These findings have a positive impact on the field of education, particularly for teachers in creating more interactive and enjoyable classroom environments. By transforming abstract fraction concepts into concrete experiences, students are not only more motivated but also become more independent in solving mathematical problems. The authors recommend that the development of such concrete media be expanded to other mathematical topics to facilitate multisensory learning.
Author Profile: This research was compiled by Eliawati (a graduate student at Yogyakarta State University), Anwar Novianto, and Setiawan Edi Wibowo (academics from Yogyakarta State University), who specialize in primary education and innovation in mathematics learning media.
Research Source:
Eliawati, E., Novianto, A., & Wibowo, S. E. (2026). Systematic Literature Review: The Effect of Fraction Boards on Elementary School Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes. International Journal of Education and Life Sciences (IJELS), 4(6), 804-821. DOI:
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