Research conducted by Yosi Rahayu Ningsih and Tina Rahmawati from Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta in April 2026 systematically maps the factors that shape school quality as a conceptual foundation for interpreting the Education Report Card.
Background and Issues
Vocational high school quality can no longer be adequately understood solely through learning outcome indicators, as, in practice, quality achievement is shaped by the interrelationship among principals’ leadership, teachers’ work behavior, teachers’ performance practices, school culture, and data-based governance. This study aimed to map the configuration of these factors as a conceptual foundation for determining the direction of quality improvement in the vocational high school environment.
Research Methodology
This study employed a Systematic Literature Review guided by PRISMA. Data searches were conducted in the Scopus database, limiting publications to the 2021–2026 period, which resulted in 13 selected articles synthesized as the basis for analysis.
Key Findings
Principals’ Leadership: Instructional or transformational leadership is the primary driver that is most effective when connected to the learning process.
Role of Teacher Factors: Teacher performance is more optimal when supported by work commitment, motivation, self-efficacy, and continuous professional development.
Integration of Quality Systems: Vocational high school quality becomes more stable when leadership is integrated with school governance, management information systems, curriculum implementation, and standardized performance evaluations.
Implications for Quality Improvement Strategy
The authors suggest several strategic steps based on the synthesis of research:
Strengthening Instructional Leadership: Principals need to go beyond merely performing administrative functions by directing learning and strengthening teachers’ professional confidence.
Managing Culture and Work Climate: Schools must manage organizational climate, commitment, and professional development simultaneously to form positive teacher work behaviors.
Utilizing System-Based Data: Decision-making must be supported by management information systems and decision support systems so that school governance becomes more measurable and effective.
Author Profile:
Yosi Rahayu Ningsih and Tina Rahmawati – Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Research Source: Ningsih, Y. R., & Rahmawati, T. (2026). "Quality Achievement of Vocational High Schools Based on the Education Report Card: The Configuration of Principals’ Leadership, Teachers’ Work Behavior, and Teachers’ Performance Practices". 322-IJELS-4.docx.
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