A solar-powered CCTV system capable of being remotely controlled through digital communication technology has been successfully developed by researchers from Politeknik Negeri Bali and UHN IGB Sugriwa Denpasar. The study was conducted by I Made Sajayasa, I Gede Suputra Widharma, I Gde Nyoman Sangka, I Nengah Sunaya, I Ketut Sumadi, and I Made Sukma Manggala. The research was published in the April 2026 edition of the Contemporary Journal of Applied Sciences (CJAS).
The study developed a CCTV system that uses solar panels as its primary energy source and a web-based communication platform to remotely control and monitor cameras in real time. The system was designed to remain operational in remote locations or areas with limited access to conventional electricity infrastructure.
Researchers explained that electricity demand continues to increase, while access to environmentally friendly energy sources remains a challenge in many regions. Indonesia, located along the equator, has strong solar energy potential because it receives high levels of solar radiation throughout the year.
In the security sector, CCTV systems play an important role in monitoring activities and preventing crime in strategic locations. However, most CCTV systems still depend on electricity supplied by the national power grid, which remains vulnerable to outages. Such interruptions can disable surveillance systems during critical situations.
Through this research, the team sought to develop an independent surveillance solution powered by renewable energy. The system consists of solar panels, battery storage, a solar charge controller, an ESP32 microcontroller, stepper motors for camera movement, and a web-based monitoring platform. The system diagram on page 6 illustrates how solar energy is transferred through the battery and microcontroller to support CCTV operations and digital communication functions.
The researchers used a research and development methodology involving literature studies, field observations, expert discussions, hardware and software design, and system performance testing.
The findings revealed several important results:
- The CCTV system was successfully controlled through a website using internet connectivity and the ESP32 microcontroller.
- The CCTV camera could move left, right, up, and down using two stepper motors.
- A 100 Wp solar panel was sufficient to independently power the CCTV system.
- A 24 Ah battery could support a 12-watt electrical load for up to 24 hours without recharging.
- The live-streaming CCTV system experienced an average delay of approximately 10 seconds due to internet connection quality and frame-per-second (FPS) limitations.
The study also found that the mechanical construction of the camera mount remains a technical challenge. Slight slippage occurred during stepper motor movement, causing actual camera angles to differ slightly from the intended design.
According to the researchers, the system has strong potential for deployment in plantations, border regions, healthcare facilities, and remote areas requiring security monitoring without dependence on conventional electrical grids. The use of solar energy was also considered capable of improving energy efficiency while supporting environmentally sustainable power solutions.
The research team recommended future improvements in the mechanical design of the camera mount and optimization of the communication system to reduce video streaming delays and improve system responsiveness and stability.
The study is considered important because it demonstrates that combining digital communication technology with solar energy can provide an effective solution for modern security systems in areas with limited electricity infrastructure.
Author Profiles
- I Made Sajayasa - Politeknik Negeri Bali.
- I Gede Suputra Widharma - Politeknik Negeri Bali
- I Gde Nyoman Sangka and I Nengah Sunaya - Politeknik Negeri Bali .
- I Ketut Sumadi and I Made Sukma Manggala - UHN IGB Sugriwa Denpasar
Research Source
Sajayasa, I Made, Widharma, I Gede Suputra, Sangka, I Gde Nyoman, Sunaya, I Nengah, Sumadi, I Ketut, & Manggala, I Made Sukma. CCTV Control System Utilizing Communication Technology and Sourced by Solar Panels. Contemporary Journal of Applied Sciences (CJAS), Vol. 4 No. 5, April 2026, pp. 427–438.
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