The research by Dewi Anggraini and Nurulanningsih reveals how sarcasm once understood as a subtle form of figurative language has become increasingly normalized in digital communication and now poses a risk to language ethics and politeness.
Sarcasm and the Shift in Language Ethics
Social media has become the primary space for Generation Z to share opinions, express emotions, and criticize public figures. In practice, sarcasm is often used as a sharp and direct way to convey disagreement. However, according to researchers from Universitas Tridinanti, the uncontrolled use of sarcasm blurs the line between criticism and insult.
Sarcasm is no longer limited to mild irony. It has evolved into cynical remarks, personal mockery, and even hate speech. In many cases, this type of language is normalized because it is perceived as part of freedom of expression on social media.
Literature-Based Research Approach
The study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature review method. Anggraini and Nurulanningsih examined a wide range of scientific journals, academic articles, and theoretical sources discussing sarcasm, language politeness, communication ethics, and Generation Z’s behavior on social media.
The data were analyzed descriptively to identify patterns in the use of sarcasm and its impact on norms of written politeness. To ensure accuracy, the researchers applied source and theoretical triangulation, drawing on perspectives from pragmatic linguistics and digital communication theory.
Key Findings
The review shows that sarcasm is one of the most frequently used language styles by Generation Z in online communication. Sarcasm commonly appears in the context of:
- criticism of public figures,
- responses to social and political issues, and
- comments within viral discussions on social media.
The study also finds that many users are unaware that the sarcastic language they use violates principles of linguistic politeness. Sarcasm is often considered acceptable because it is framed as humor or creative expression, even though it can be offensive and damaging to social relationships.
In addition, low levels of digital literacy and limited education in communication ethics further reinforce the tendency to use harsh and non-empathetic language online.
Why These Findings Matter
The authors emphasize that language reflects social values. When aggressive sarcasm becomes the norm, public communication culture also shifts. The normalization of degrading language can create digital spaces that are hostile, defensive, and prone to conflict.
Nurulanningsih stresses that language politeness is not merely a matter of etiquette, but a reflection of national character and identity. “If left unaddressed, habitual use of sarcastic language can weaken empathy and mutual respect in digital society,” she writes in the article.
Solutions: Digital Literacy and Language Ethics Education
As a solution, the researchers recommend strengthening digital literacy and language ethics education from an early age. Schools and families are seen as having a crucial role in cultivating empathetic and constructive communication habits.
Social media platforms are also encouraged to take a more active role in educating users about the impact of sarcastic language, for example through comment-ethics reminders or digital literacy campaigns.
According to the researchers, social media should function not only as a space for expression, but also as a medium for building healthy and civilized communication.
Impact on Society and Education
This study provides a clear picture of the challenges facing digital communication in the Generation Z era. The findings are relevant for:
- educators who shape students’ character,
- parents who guide children in digital spaces, and
- policymakers in education and digital literacy.
From an academic perspective, the study enriches research in applied linguistics and digital communication, particularly on sarcasm and language politeness on social media—an increasingly important topic amid rapid digitalization.
Author Profiles
- Dewi Anggraini
Researcher in education and language studies at Universitas Tridinanti. Her work focuses on digital communication and youth language behavior. - Nurulanningsih
Lecturer at Universitas Tridinanti. Her expertise includes applied linguistics, language ethics, and character education. She serves as the corresponding author.
Research Source
Anggraini, D., & Nurulanningsih. (2026). The Influence of Sarcasm on Social Media: The Dilemma of Eroding Manners and Politeness in Language among Gen Z.Asian Journal of Applied Education (AJAE), Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 219–232.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55927/ajae.v5i1.15649
Official URL: https://journal.formosapublisher.org/index.php/ajae
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