The research was conducted by Afifah Hanaa Nur Alaf, Priyanto, and Sunarko from the Republic of Indonesia Defense University (Universitas Pertahanan RI) and published in 2026. Their findings highlight how sustainable farming systems contribute directly to national resilience by ensuring food availability, environmental stability, and social cohesion.
According to the authors, nations that fail to secure their food systems are increasingly vulnerable to economic shocks, political instability, and social unrest. In contrast, countries that invest in sustainable agriculture gain long-term security advantages that go far beyond food production.
Food Security as a National Security Issue
For decades, national security was largely associated with military strength and defense capability. However, global crises such as climate change, pandemics, and food supply disruptions have shifted this perspective. The study emphasizes that food security has become one of the most critical components of modern national security.
The researchers explain that food insecurity can trigger rising food prices, public dissatisfaction, and even conflict. Countries that rely heavily on food imports are especially vulnerable to global market volatility, export bans, and geopolitical tensions.
“Sustainable agriculture strengthens national resilience by reducing dependence on imports, protecting ecosystems, and maintaining social stability,” the authors explain in their analysis.
Why Sustainable Agriculture Matters
Sustainable agriculture differs from conventional farming by prioritizing long-term environmental health, efficient use of natural resources, and minimal reliance on chemical inputs. It focuses on methods such as crop rotation, soil conservation, water efficiency, and ecological balance.
According to the study, this approach delivers multiple strategic benefits:
- Ensures stable domestic food production
- Protects soil and water resources
- Reduces vulnerability to climate change
- Supports public health
- Strengthens rural economies
These benefits make sustainable agriculture not just an environmental solution, but a strategic asset for national security.
Research Approach and Data Sources
The study used a qualitative research design based on an extensive review of peer-reviewed journals, policy reports, and institutional publications. The authors analyzed global research on food security, environmental sustainability, and national security to identify patterns and connections.
Rather than focusing on a single country, the research examined international cases and policy frameworks to show how sustainable agriculture contributes to national resilience across different contexts.
One notable reference in the study is the Food Sustainability Index, which demonstrates a strong link between sustainable food systems, economic development, and human well-being.
Key Findings: Food, Stability, and Security Are Linked
The study identifies several important findings:
The researchers also note that food insecurity often acts as a “threat multiplier,” worsening existing political, economic, and social tensions.
Lessons from Global Practices
The study highlights South Korea as an example of how sustainable agriculture can be integrated into national policy. Through investment in smart farming, agricultural technology, and strategic food reserves, South Korea has strengthened its food security while reducing environmental pressure.
This approach demonstrates that agricultural policy can function as part of a broader national defense strategy, especially in the face of climate uncertainty and global supply chain disruptions.
Challenges to Implementation
Despite its benefits, sustainable agriculture faces several obstacles. These include limited farmer access to technology, insufficient policy coordination, and financial barriers during the transition from conventional farming systems.
The authors stress that without strong government support, farmers may hesitate to adopt sustainable practices due to short-term economic risks. Weak institutional coordination can also reduce the effectiveness of national food strategies.
To overcome these challenges, the study recommends:
- Stronger government incentives for sustainable farming
- Integrated policies between agriculture, environment, and security sectors
- Investment in research, innovation, and farmer education
- Inclusion of food security in national risk assessment frameworks
Agriculture as Strategic National Infrastructure
One of the central conclusions of the study is that agriculture should be treated as strategic national infrastructure—on par with energy, transportation, and defense systems.
“Sustainable agriculture is no longer optional. It is a strategic necessity for national stability and long-term security,” the authors emphasize.
By embedding food resilience into national security planning, governments can better prepare for future crises, including climate shocks, economic disruptions, and geopolitical instability.
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