The system addresses a practical problem in public administration. LINMAS personnel are responsible for supporting public order, community protection, and basic public services at the local level. Because their duties can take place both inside and outside the office, accurate attendance records are important for maintaining accountability.
Previously, attendance at the Sudiroprajan Subdistrict Office relied on paper-based sign-in sheets and conventional administrative recording. According to Putra, Setiyawan, and Saputro, this method created opportunities for data manipulation, “buddy punching,” and location fraud. Manual processing also made attendance reporting less efficient.
Geolocation Adds a Physical Presence Check
The new system does more than record when an employee checks in or out. It also checks where the employee is located.
The system uses the HTML5 Geolocation API to obtain the user's geographic coordinates through a web browser. Those coordinates are then compared with the predefined coordinates of the Sudiroprajan Subdistrict Office.
A mathematical method known as the Haversine formula calculates the distance between the user's location and the office. When the user is within the permitted attendance radius, the system records the attendance. When the user is outside the designated area, the system blocks the attendance attempt.
Administrators can configure the attendance radius to account for differences in GPS accuracy and environmental conditions. The system was developed using HTML5, CSS, JavaScript, PHP with the CodeIgniter framework, MySQL, and the HTML5 Geolocation API.
Testing Shows 100 Percent Success in Valid Scenarios
The researchers used a Research and Development approach to build and evaluate the system. The development process included needs analysis, system design, implementation, and testing.
Requirements were identified through observations of the existing attendance process, interviews with LINMAS personnel and administrators, and analysis of administrative workflows. The researchers then tested the system under normal, boundary, and exceptional conditions.
The functional evaluation covered 15 major scenarios involving user authentication, clock-in, clock-out, location validation, reporting, and user management.
The results were positive:
- The system achieved a 100 percent success rate for valid attendance scenarios.
- The system fulfilled approximately 95 percent of the requirements identified during the needs analysis.
- GPS accuracy reached approximately 3.2 meters in open areas.
- Location deviation increased to approximately 8 meters indoors.
- The system received a System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 77.5, classified as “Good.”
These results indicate that the system was able to perform its main attendance functions while remaining relatively easy for users to operate.
Real-Time Monitoring Improves Administrative Control
The system also provides administrators with a centralized dashboard for monitoring attendance. Administrators can view daily attendance information, generate reports for specific periods, and manage LINMAS personnel accounts.
One important feature is the recording of rejected attendance attempts. When a user attempts to check in from outside the authorized radius, the system records the attempt along with relevant location and time information.
This creates an audit trail that administrators can review. Such records can be useful when an employee is legitimately working outside the office, such as during community patrols or when responding to incidents elsewhere in the kelurahan.
The system therefore does not simply classify every outside-location attendance attempt as misconduct. Instead, it gives administrators additional information that can be reviewed in the context of actual field duties.
Technology Can Reduce Attendance Fraud, but GPS Has Limits
The researchers found that geolocation validation can effectively block attendance attempts made outside the authorized area. This provides a stronger physical-presence check than a conventional paper attendance system.
“The system successfully blocks clock-in attempts from outside the designated radius,” the researchers reported, emphasizing its contribution to attendance accountability and work discipline.
However, Putra, Setiyawan, and Saputro also acknowledge that browser-based geolocation is not completely immune to manipulation. Mock-location applications and certain browser development tools can potentially falsify GPS coordinates.
The current system includes safeguards such as rejecting location data with excessively broad accuracy ranges, storing device and accuracy information, and flagging suspicious patterns for administrative review. Nevertheless, the researchers state that these measures are not completely foolproof.
GPS accuracy also varies depending on the environment. Buildings, dense urban areas, indoor locations, and network conditions can affect positioning accuracy. The researchers therefore recommend adjustable attendance-radius settings rather than relying on a single fixed distance for every situation.
Future Development Could Add Facial Recognition and AI
The research points toward several opportunities for improving digital attendance management in local government.
Future versions could combine geolocation with facial recognition to create an additional identity-verification layer. A native mobile application could also provide stronger protection against location spoofing by using platform-level device integrity mechanisms.
The researchers further recommend adding work-hour validation, integrating the system with Indonesia's SIM LINMAS initiative, and conducting longer-term evaluations of its effects on punctuality and administrative efficiency.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are also identified as potential future technologies. Attendance data could be analyzed to identify patterns and support workforce management. Other possibilities include Bluetooth beacons or Wi-Fi fingerprinting to improve indoor positioning, as well as expanding the system across multiple villages and subdistricts.
For local governments, the significance of the Sudiroprajan implementation extends beyond replacing paper attendance sheets. A location-aware digital system can provide more transparent records, faster reporting, and stronger accountability while giving administrators better information about personnel attendance.
Author Profiles
Afrizal Satrio Putra — Corresponding author and researcher affiliated with STMIK Amikom Surakarta.
Muhammad Setiyawan — Researcher affiliated with STMIK Amikom Surakarta.
Indrawan Ady Saputro — Researcher affiliated with STMIK Amikom Surakarta.
The journal article does not provide the authors' academic degrees or specific fields of expertise. These details are therefore not added to avoid introducing information that is not supported by the source.
Research Source
Article Title: Web-Based LINMAS Attendance System with Geolocation-Based Location Radius at Sudiroprajan Subdistrict Office
Authors: Afrizal Satrio Putra, Muhammad Setiyawan, Indrawan Ady Saputro
Affiliation: STMIK Amikom Surakarta
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Applied Sciences (IJSAS)
Publication: Volume 4, Number 8, 2026, pages 899–910
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59890/ijsas.v4i8.45
Official Journal Website: http://ijsasjournal.my.id/index.php/ijsas
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