Effective Regional Financial Management Drives Sustainable Economic Growth Across Indonesian Provinces

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Quality in regional financial management is a primary driver of sustainable economic growth across Indonesian provinces. This key conclusion comes from a comprehensive empirical study published in 2026 by researchers Surti and Ernawati from Achmad Yani Banjarmasin University, along with Mohammad Adhiya Riswandha from Universitas Lambung Mangkurat.

The multi-year study evaluated how local fiscal decisions directly impact provincial gross regional domestic product (GRDP) growth across 34 Indonesian provinces between 2018 and 2024. The researchers discovered that higher allocations toward capital expenditure and strong fiscal independence ratio metrics significantly boost regional economic growth. Conversely, heavy reliance on central government financial transfers tends to diminish subnational economic dynamism.

Fiscal Decentralization and Public Money Management

Indonesia initiated major fiscal decentralization reforms nearly three decades ago, granting regional authorities significant governance power to foster local economic development. Despite these statutory changes, translating public budget resources into long-term, equitable economic progress has produced mixed results across different provinces.

Evaluating regional financial management is crucial for supporting the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). Prior fiscal studies often treated decentralization as a basic binary condition or focused exclusively on intergovernmental transfers. To address this gap, Surti and Ernawati from Achmad Yani Banjarmasin University and Mohammad Adhiya Riswandha from Universitas Lambung Mangkurat analyzed a comprehensive multi-dimensional index that accounts for locally-generated revenue (PAD), capital spending ratios, transfer dependence, and transparent audit performance.

Methodological Approach

The researchers examined an unbalanced panel dataset of 34 Indonesian provinces spanning seven consecutive years (2018–2024), resulting in 238 province-year observations. Financial data were gathered directly from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK) under the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, while provincial GRDP figures were obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS). Institutional governance indicators were built using audit opinions from the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK).

To evaluate the causal relationship between fiscal indicators and economic performance, the team implemented a fixed-effects panel data regression model. This statistical strategy controls for unobserved province-specific variations over time. Robustness tests, including two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimations and Driscoll-Kraay standard error corrections, were applied to confirm the statistical validity of the findings.

Core Research Findings

The empirical findings highlight several decisive relationships between regional budget management and economic expansion:

  • Capital Expenditure Leads Growth: Capital expenditure ratio emerged as the single strongest positive predictor of provincial GRDP growth. Spending allocated toward physical infrastructure (such as roads, ports, and irrigation) and social infrastructure (including healthcare facilities and schools) generates lasting economic productivity.
  • Local Revenue Boosts Dynamism: Locally-generated revenue (PAD) demonstrated a significant positive effect on growth. A 1% increase in locally raised revenue is associated with a 0.32 percentage point increase in provincial GRDP growth.
  • Fiscal Autonomy Pays Dividends: A higher fiscal independence ratio positively reinforces growth. Provinces with greater fiscal autonomy retain stronger incentives to manage budget resources productively.
  • Transfer Dependency Slows Progress: Over-reliance on central government transfers, such as the General Allocation Fund (DAU), negatively impacts provincial growth. High transfer reliance often lowers spending efficiency and dampens local fiscal innovation.
  • Governance Quality Matters: High governance quality—measured through clean audit opinions (WTP) from the Audit Board of Indonesia—positively correlates with economic growth by attracting private investment and strengthening public accountability.

Real-World Impact and Policy Implications

The findings provide concrete guidance for policymakers aiming to enhance economic sustainability across Indonesian provinces. To reduce reliance on central transfers, regional institutions can implement digital tax administration tools (e-tax) and modernize local state-owned enterprises (BUMD). Furthermore, the central government can link intergovernmental transfer disbursements to strict performance benchmarks, encouraging subnational leaders to maintain healthy capital expenditure ratios.

In their publication, Surti and Ernawati of Achmad Yani Banjarmasin University, together with Mohammad Adhiya Riswandha of Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, emphasized the broader developmental impact of public financial oversight:

"Quality financial management, characterized by transparency, accountability, and output-oriented budgeting, acts as a mediating mechanism through which fiscal resources are transformed into sustainable developmental outcomes."

Author Profiles

  • Surti, S.E., M.M. is a researcher and academic affiliated with Achmad Yani Banjarmasin University, specializing in regional financial management and subnational public finance.
  • Ernawati, S.E., M.Si. is an academic at Achmad Yani Banjarmasin University, with expertise in public sector accounting, fiscal policy, and institutional governance.
  • Mohammad Adhiya Riswandha, S.E., M.E. is an economist and researcher at Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, focusing on applied econometrics, regional economics, and fiscal decentralization.

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