Why This Research Matters
Indonesia continues to face growing waste management challenges as urban populations expand. Surabaya, the country's second-largest city, generates thousands of tons of waste every day, making efficient waste processing a critical public policy issue.
According to the study, Surabaya produced approximately 659,000 tons of waste in 2024, while around 1,700–1,800 tons of waste are generated every day. Although the city has developed an extensive waste management network—including TPS, integrated waste processing facilities (TPST), waste banks, compost houses, and TPS 3R facilities—the performance of each unit varies considerably.
Among Surabaya's TPS 3R facilities, TPS 3R Tenggilis recorded one of the lowest waste management performances in 2024, processing only about 41% of the waste it received, despite handling a relatively large waste volume. This performance gap prompted researchers to investigate why the facility has struggled to meet the city's waste reduction targets.
How the Study Was Conducted
The researchers used a descriptive qualitative approach to understand how waste management policies are implemented at TPS 3R Tenggilis.
Rather than relying solely on statistical data, they collected information through:
- Direct field observations;
- In-depth interviews with officials from the Surabaya Environmental Agency (DLH), TPS 3R managers, supervisors, and local government representatives; and
- Documentation related to waste management operations.
The implementation was evaluated using the Van Meter and Van Horn public policy implementation framework, which examines six key aspects:
- Policy standards and objectives;
- Resources;
- Organizational characteristics;
- Communication;
- Implementer commitment;
- Social, economic, and political environment.
Key Findings
The research found that TPS 3R Tenggilis has established many of the essential components required for effective waste management, but operational challenges still limit its overall performance.
Adequate Human Resources and Facilities
TPS 3R Tenggilis currently employs 19 personnel, including supervisors, waste sorting workers, compost operators, and security staff.
The facility is equipped with:
- Conveyor belts for waste sorting;
- Waste compactors;
- Shredding machines;
- Composting facilities;
- Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot cultivation systems;
- Occupational safety equipment; and
- Health insurance coverage for workers.
Operational funding is provided through the government budget and managed by the Surabaya Environmental Agency.
Standard Operating Procedures Support Daily Operations
Although no regulation specifically governs TPS 3R Tenggilis, daily operations follow well-established Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
Waste processing includes:
- Receiving and weighing waste;
- Sorting recyclable and organic materials;
- Producing compost;
- Cultivating BSF maggots using food waste;
- Compressing recyclable materials for resale; and
- Sending residual waste to the Benowo landfill.
The structured workflow has helped maintain operational consistency despite regulatory gaps.
Communication Works, but Technical Responses Are Slow
Communication among the Surabaya Environmental Agency, TPS 3R management, and the Tenggilis Subdistrict generally functions well through routine reporting and coordination.
However, researchers found that delays in responding to machinery breakdowns often disrupt daily operations. During periods of high waste generation, these delays can cause temporary waste accumulation at the facility.
Community Participation Remains Limited
One of the most significant findings concerns community involvement.
The city government regularly conducts environmental awareness campaigns through neighborhood outreach programs and digital platforms, encouraging residents to separate waste and support recycling initiatives.
Despite these efforts, public participation remains relatively low.
Interest in using compost produced by TPS 3R Tenggilis is also limited because the surrounding area consists largely of residential neighborhoods with few green spaces requiring compost.
Limited Land Constrains Waste Processing
The researchers identified land availability as one of the most critical operational constraints.
Because storage and processing areas are limited, TPS 3R Tenggilis cannot always accept all incoming waste. As a result, its waste processing capacity remains below the city's desired performance target.
Implications for Urban Waste Management
The findings suggest that improving waste management requires more than investing in infrastructure alone.
Expanding TPS 3R land capacity, accelerating equipment maintenance, strengthening public education, and encouraging greater community participation could significantly improve operational performance.
The study also highlights the importance of maintaining collaboration between local governments, environmental agencies, and residents. Strong political support has enabled the TPS 3R program to continue operating, but long-term success will depend on increasing public engagement in waste reduction and recycling practices.
Authors' Perspective
The researchers conclude that the implementation of waste management at TPS 3R Tenggilis has progressed positively but still requires improvements in several areas.
As Friska Mauliva Syafi'i Putri and Oktarizka Reviandani of Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur explain, the program already benefits from adequate resources, clear operational procedures, and government support. However, expanding land availability, improving technical response systems, and increasing public environmental awareness remain essential for achieving more sustainable waste management outcomes.
Author Profile
Friska Mauliva Syafi'i Putri is a researcher from Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, specializing in Public Administration, with research interests in public policy implementation, environmental governance, and waste management.
Oktarizka Reviandani is a lecturer and researcher at Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, whose expertise focuses on public administration, public policy, and governance, particularly in local government and environmental management.
Source
Article Title: Implementation of Waste Management Policy at the Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle Waste Processing Site (TPS 3R) in Tenggilis District, Surabaya City
Journal: Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (FJMR)
Volume & Issue: Vol. 5, No. 7
Publication Year: 2026
Authors: Friska Mauliva Syafi'i Putri & Oktarizka Reviandani
Affiliation: Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur
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