Ilustration by AI
A new study reveals that redistributing naval personnel based on physical and mental workload metrics improves peacekeeping mission readiness.
Naval deployments in international peacekeeping missions demand peak human performance under high-stress conditions
The findings demonstrate that while the overall size of the naval task force onboard was sufficient, internal personnel distribution required vital structural adjustments across operational divisions to prevent burnout and operational bottlenecks
Background: The Demands of International Maritime Peacekeeping
Under Article 9 of Indonesian Law No. 34, the Indonesian Navy conducts naval diplomacy to support the nation's foreign policy and fulfill its constitutional mandate toward global peace
Unlike domestic routines, an international MTF deployment lasts ten months
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 10-MONTH UNIFIL MTF DEPLOYMENT CYCLE |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [ 2 Months Transit & Diplomacy ] ---> [ 8 Months Active AMO Patrols ] |
| - Over 7,000 km traveled - 70% At Sea / 30% Pier Docked |
| - Foreign port diplomatic receptions - Continuous patrolling & drills|
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
When military orders required reducing the warship's standard non-commissioned and enlisted crew to accommodate specialized personnel—such as helicopter pilots, divers, and intelligence officers—certain shipboard divisions suffered severe workload imbalances
Research Methodology: Dual-Framework Workload Assessment
The researchers at Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Angkatan Laut evaluated the workload of non-commissioned and enlisted personnel across ten functional divisions on KRI Frans Kaisiepo-368
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| DUAL-METHODOLOGY FRAMEWORK |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
+-------------------------+-------------------------+
| |
v v
[ Mental Workload ] [ Physical Workload ]
NASA-TLX Method Task-Completion Metrics
(6 Subscales: MD, PD, TD, OP, FR, EF) (PerMENPAN / PerPANG Standards)
| |
+-------------------------+-------------------------+
|
v
[ Combined Workload Index (z) ]
Optimal Division Headcount Model
The team integrated two recognized evaluation frameworks
- Mental Workload (NASA-TLX): Using NASA’s Task Load Index, researchers scored subjective mental strain across six subscales: Mental Demand, Physical Demand, Temporal Demand, Overall Performance, Frustration Level, and Effort
. - Physical Workload (Time & Task Analysis): Following Indonesian Ministerial Regulation (PerMENPAN) KEP/75/M.PAN/7/2004 and TNI Commander Regulation PerPANG TNI No. Perpang/93/XI/2011, standard task completion times were calculated against effective working hours
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By combining these indicators into a unified workload coefficient ($z$), the study established a mathematically grounded personnel allocation model
Key Findings: Rebalancing Division Headcounts
The study revealed a stark imbalance across onboard divisions when comparing actual task completion times and subjective cognitive stress
- Highest Mental Strain: The Ship Control (MPK) division experienced the peak cognitive load, recording an average NASA-TLX Weighted Workload score of 75.889 out of 100
. - Highest Physical Workload: The Logistics (MINLOG) division logged the highest total task execution time at 22,275 minutes, classifying its physical workload as "Very High"
. - Divisional Deficits: The Anti-Surface Warfare (PBA) division faced critical shortages, requiring two additional personnel to meet daily operational demands safely
. - Divisional Surpluses: The Logistics (MINLOG) and Anti-Air Warfare (PAA) divisions operated with excess personnel relative to their active task loads, allowing staff to be reassigned without hindering performance
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Overall, the research demonstrated that the base deployment count of 62 enlisted personnel was nearly optimal (requiring 63 in total), but internal reassignments were mandatory to ensure operational readiness
Real-World Impact and Strategic Implications
This research offers a scalable model for defense organizations, public administration agencies, and maritime institutions managing high-stress foreign operations
"In general, the results of this investigation conclude that the total number of personnel in the maritime task force aboard KRI Frans Kaisiepo-368 is adequate; however, personnel allocation within each division still requires adjustment according to the existing workload," stated lead author Heri Prasetya and co-authors Rudi Hartono Siregar and Eko Krisdiono of Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Angkatan Laut
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Applying objective workload calculations enables military leadership to reduce human error, minimize cognitive burnout during overseas deployments, and preserve high operational standards during international diplomatic missions
Author Profiles
- Heri Prasetya, M.Tr.Opsla. is a researcher and naval operations expert affiliated with the Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Angkatan Laut (STTAL), Surabaya, Indonesia. His research focuses on human resource management, naval force logistics, and operational workload modeling
. - Rudi Hartono Siregar, Ph.D. is a senior lecturer and academic at the Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Angkatan Laut (STTAL), specializing in military human resource optimization and defense management
. - Eko Krisdiono, M.T. serves as an academic researcher at the Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Angkatan Laut (STTAL), concentrating on ergonomic studies, task-motion analysis, and military operational research
.
Source
Article Title: Analysis of Personnel Needs for the TNI Maritime Task Force of the UNIFIL Garuda Contingent Based on Workload Analysis (Case Study of KRI Frans Kaisiepo-368)Journal Name: Internasional Journal of Integrative Sciences (IJIS)
Publication Year: 2026
DOI :
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