Leadership Impacts Performance Only Through Work Comfort, Study Finds in Indonesian Public Sector

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FORMOSA NEWS - Palembang - A 2026 study by Asywat, Helmi, Trisninawati, and Sartika—researchers in management and organizational behavior—reveals that leadership style does not directly improve employee performance. Instead, its impact depends entirely on employees’ sense of work comfort. The research, conducted at the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) Secretariat in Palembang, Indonesia, and published in the Asian Journal of Applied Business and Management (AJABM), highlights a critical shift in how organizations should approach performance improvement.

The findings matter for both public institutions and private organizations, where leadership training is often prioritized without equal attention to employee well-being. This study shows that psychological and workplace comfort plays a decisive role in translating leadership into measurable results.

Workplace Performance Challenges in Context

Organizations worldwide continue to struggle with maintaining high employee performance despite investing heavily in leadership development. Traditional management approaches assume that effective leadership directly drives productivity. However, real-world outcomes often fall short.

In the Indonesian public sector, including government offices such as the Palembang City DPRD Secretariat, performance gaps persist due to complex organizational structures, limited resources, and varying levels of employee motivation. This study addresses a key question: why does leadership sometimes fail to produce the expected improvements in performance?

Simple Approach to Complex Relationships

The research team analyzed the relationships between leadership style, work comfort, and employee performance using survey data from staff members at the DPRD Secretariat in Palembang. The study applied a statistical modeling approach to examine both direct and indirect effects among these variables.

Rather than focusing solely on leadership outcomes, the researchers explored how leadership influences employees’ internal experiences—particularly their sense of comfort, satisfaction, and psychological well-being at work.

Key Findings: Work Comfort Is the Missing Link

The study presents several clear and actionable findings:

  • Leadership style has no significant direct effect on employee performance
  • Work comfort has a strong positive and significant effect on performance
  • Leadership style significantly influences employees’ level of work comfort
  • Work comfort acts as a full mediator between leadership and performance

Statistical analysis shows a strong positive relationship between work comfort and performance, with a significance level of 0.000 and a positive coefficient . This indicates that improved comfort consistently leads to better performance outcomes.

Employees who feel comfortable at work demonstrate higher motivation, stronger organizational commitment, and greater efficiency in completing tasks . Work comfort includes both physical conditions—such as the work environment—and psychological factors like recognition, fairness, and supportive leadership.

Leadership Works Indirectly, Not Directly

The study emphasizes that leadership still plays an important role—but not in the way commonly assumed. Instead of directly influencing performance, leadership shapes the work environment that determines how employees feel and behave.

Work comfort fully mediates this relationship, meaning leadership affects performance only by first improving employees’ sense of comfort. Without that, leadership efforts alone have little measurable impact.

As the authors explain, employee attitudes and psychological conditions act as the internal mechanism linking leadership to productivity. This aligns with established organizational behavior theories, which show that positive work attitudes lead to stronger performance outcomes.

Strong Theoretical and Empirical Support

The findings are consistent with several major theories in management and psychology:

  • Stephen P. Robbins and Timothy A. Judge (2022) emphasize that positive job attitudes drive higher performance
  • Edwin A. Locke’s Job Satisfaction Theory highlights the importance of alignment between expectations and reality
  • Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory identifies recognition and achievement as key drivers of satisfaction
  • Transformational leadership theory shows that supportive leadership enhances employee motivation and comfort

Recent empirical studies also reinforce these conclusions, demonstrating that employee satisfaction and workplace well-being significantly influence productivity across sectors.

Real-World Implications for Organizations

This research has direct implications for leadership strategies in both public and private sectors.

Organizations aiming to improve performance should shift their focus from purely technical leadership training to a more holistic approach that includes employee well-being. Key recommendations include:

  • Creating a comfortable and supportive work environment
  • Ensuring fair and transparent reward systems
  • Encouraging positive interpersonal relationships among staff
  • Strengthening communication between leaders and employees
  • Providing recognition and emotional support

For policymakers, especially in government institutions, the findings support reforms that prioritize employee satisfaction as part of performance improvement programs. For businesses, the study offers a practical roadmap for boosting productivity through human-centered management.

Author Insight

The research team highlights the importance of psychological factors in organizational success. Asywat and colleagues explain that leadership effectiveness depends on its ability to foster a fair, respectful, and supportive workplace where employees feel valued and motivated.

In their analysis, work comfort emerges as the central driver of sustainable performance, bridging the gap between leadership intentions and actual outcomes.

Future Research Directions

The study suggests expanding future research by including additional variables such as work motivation, organizational culture, and employee commitment to gain a broader understanding of performance dynamics . Researchers are also encouraged to explore similar models in different institutions to increase generalizability.

Author Profile

Asywat is a researcher in human resource management and organizational behavior, focusing on employee performance in public sector institutions.
Helmi, Trisninawati, and Sartika are academic collaborators specializing in leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational performance. Their work contributes to the development of modern management practices grounded in behavioral science.

Source

Asywat, Helmi, Trisninawati, Sartika.
“The Influence of Leadership Style on Employee Work Performance Mediated by Work Comfort.”
Asian Journal of Applied Business and Management (AJABM), Vol. 5, No. 2, 2026, pp. 515–530. URL: https://journalajabm.my.id/index.php/ajabm

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