Palu — A 2026 study by Haryadi, Hamzens, and Yohan finds that the implementation of electronic land certificates in Indonesia has delivered tangible benefits, particularly in improving efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing data security. Published in the East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, the study examines how the policy has been carried out in Palu City as part of the country’s broader digital transformation of land services.
The shift from physical to electronic certificates represents a major policy step aimed at modernizing public services. Beyond simply digitizing documents, the initiative is designed to streamline administrative processes, minimize the risk of document loss, and improve transparency in land management.
However, the transition also requires readiness across multiple dimensions, including technological infrastructure, human resources, and public acceptance. Palu City serves as a case study where the system has already been implemented through the local Land Office.
The research applied a descriptive approach, combining observations, interviews, and questionnaires involving three main groups: National Land Agency (BPN) staff, notaries/PPAT, and members of the public. A cost-benefit analysis was also used to assess the economic value of the policy.
Findings indicate that the implementation of electronic certificates is generally in the “good” category. The system has significantly accelerated verification and data processing by reducing reliance on physical bureaucracy.
From an economic perspective, the policy shows clear advantages. The Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) is recorded at 1.04, meaning that the overall benefits outweigh the costs. These gains are largely driven by reduced transportation expenses, shorter processing times, and lower reliance on physical storage.
Public acceptance of the system is also strong. Most respondents express willingness to adopt electronic certificates, citing convenience, practicality, and improved service efficiency. Satisfaction levels are generally high, although some users remain cautious about the long-term reliability of the digital system.
Despite these positive outcomes, the study highlights several ongoing challenges. Technological infrastructure remains the weakest aspect, particularly in terms of internet stability and system reliability. Application disruptions and network issues continue to affect service consistency, especially during peak usage periods.
Another issue lies in the gap between service providers and users. While officials consider the system relatively easy to operate, many members of the public still find it difficult to fully understand the digital process. This is especially true for individuals with lower levels of digital literacy.
In terms of human resources, BPN staff are regarded as technically capable and adaptable to the new system. They are able to operate digital platforms and provide explanations to users effectively. However, limited staffing levels have led to increased workloads, particularly during the transition phase from manual to electronic systems.
Legal protection and data security are among the strongest aspects of the policy. Electronic certificates are considered legally valid and supported by secure systems designed to protect land data. Even so, some members of the public still express concerns about potential data misuse, indicating a need for stronger public education on cybersecurity.
Haryadi and his colleagues emphasize that this policy represents more than just digitalization. It is a long-term investment in improving public service delivery. While the benefits are already evident, further improvements in infrastructure and user education are essential to ensure sustainable success.
The implications of this study are significant. For policymakers, it provides evidence to support continued investment in digital systems and infrastructure. For the public, it highlights the practical advantages of faster and more secure land services. For the legal and property sectors, digital certificates offer greater transparency and reduce the risk of fraud and document loss.
The researchers recommend prioritizing improvements in server capacity and network stability, conducting regular data security audits, and strengthening the role of notaries as intermediaries who help educate the public about the system.
- Budi HaryadiTadulako University
- Wildani Pingkan Suripurna HamzensTadulako University
- Yohan YohanTadulako University
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