Drug abuse remains a major social and public health issue in Indonesia. National data show millions of users across the country, with numbers rising and falling each year. Urban areas like Surabaya are especially vulnerable due to high mobility, economic activity, and exposure to diverse social influences. Alarmingly, cases have increasingly involved school-aged children, including elementary and junior high students. This trend underscores the urgent need for preventive strategies that reach young populations before problems escalate.
The SALAM Program (Screening for Children at Risk) was introduced in 2025 by the Surabaya City National Narcotics Agency as a policy response to these challenges. The program focuses on early detection through school-based screening, identifying not only potential drug use but also underlying social and psychological risk factors. By early 2026, the program had reached 24 schools, screened 356 students, and referred 20 students for outpatient rehabilitation.
Simple Method, Real-World Insight
The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, allowing the authors to closely examine how the SALAM Program operates in real-world conditions. Data were collected through interviews, field observations, and official documents involving program implementers, school staff, and students.
The analysis follows a widely used public policy framework developed by George C. Edward III, focusing on four key factors that determine implementation success: communication, resources, implementer attitude, and bureaucratic structure. Instead of technical measurements, the study emphasizes practical observations and experiences from the field.
Key Findings
The study finds that the SALAM Program is generally well-implemented and aligned with its preventive goals. Several important findings stand out:
- Structured communication: Information about the program is delivered through official coordination and ongoing discussions with schools.
- Adequate resources: The program is supported by trained personnel, screening tools, and clear technical guidelines.
- Strong commitment from implementers: Teams from the National Narcotics Agency use a persuasive and human-centered approach when interacting with students.
- Clear procedures: Standard operating procedures (SOPs) guide each stage, from planning to follow-up interventions.
Despite these strengths, the program faces notable challenges:
- Some schools are hesitant to participate due to concerns about stigma.
- Students are often reluctant to provide honest answers during screening.
- Administrative processes, such as obtaining permission, can delay implementation.
These challenges affect how the program’s message is received. While designed as a supportive and preventive initiative, it is sometimes perceived as intimidating or sensitive by students and schools.
Implications for Policy and Education
The findings highlight the importance of early detection as a preventive strategy. Programs like SALAM demonstrate that schools can serve as effective entry points for identifying and addressing social risks among young people.
For policymakers, the study provides evidence that structured screening programs can work, but only when supported by strong communication and community trust. Expanding the program to more schools could significantly improve early intervention efforts across the region.
For educators, the research reinforces the need to create safe and supportive environments where students feel comfortable discussing sensitive issues. Without trust, even well-designed programs may fail to achieve their full impact.
Julia Azizah Marshalena of Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur emphasizes that program success depends not only on design but also on perception. She notes that effective implementation requires communication strategies that reduce fear and stigma while building trust among students and schools.
Real-World Impact
The SALAM Program offers a practical model for other cities facing similar challenges. By combining early detection with education and referral systems, the program moves beyond reactive approaches and focuses on prevention.
If implemented more widely, this model could help reduce long-term social and health costs associated with drug abuse. It also aligns with broader public policy goals of protecting youth and strengthening community resilience.
However, the study also makes it clear that technical readiness alone is not enough. Social and psychological factors—such as fear, stigma, and trust—play a decisive role in determining whether such programs succeed or fail.
Author Profile
Julia Azizah Marshalena is a Public Administration student at Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, specializing in public policy and social issues. She conducted this research with Lukman Arif, an academic in public administration with expertise in policy implementation and governance. Together, they focus on evaluating how public programs operate in real-world settings and how they can be improved.
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