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FORMOSA NEWS - Jakarta - A 2026 study by Deni Susanto, Sri Murtiana, and Haetami from Indonesian National Defense University highlights the decisive role of continuous military training in maintaining combat readiness in an increasingly complex global security environment. Published in the Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences, the research shows that sustained, adaptive training systems are essential for preparing armed forces to respond to modern threats such as cyberattacks, hybrid warfare, and information manipulation. The findings matter as nations worldwide face rapidly evolving security challenges that extend beyond traditional battlefield conflicts. Military preparedness is no longer defined solely by troop numbers or advanced weapon systems. Instead, readiness now depends on how effectively military personnel are trained to adapt to unpredictable, multidimensional threats.
Rising Complexity of Modern Threats
Global security dynamics have shifted dramatically in recent years. Threats are increasingly non-linear, asymmetrical, and difficult to detect. Cyberattacks can disrupt critical infrastructure without physical confrontation, while disinformation campaigns can weaken public trust and destabilize societies. The study emphasizes that modern conflicts span multiple domains simultaneously, including land, sea, air, cyber, and information spaces. Hybrid warfare combining conventional operations with cyber and informational tactics adds another layer of complexity, making traditional military strategies less effective. In this context, military institutions must evolve. “Readiness is no longer a static condition but a dynamic process that must be continuously developed,” the authors from Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia explain.
Simple but Strategic Research Approach
The research uses a qualitative descriptive design based on extensive literature analysis. The authors reviewed defense policy documents, academic journals, military doctrines, and strategic reports from both national and international sources. Instead of relying on field experiments, the study synthesizes existing knowledge to provide a comprehensive understanding of military readiness and training systems. This approach allows the researchers to identify patterns, best practices, and strategic gaps in current military training models.
Key Findings: Continuous Training Drives Readiness
The study identifies several critical outcomes of continuous military training:
Rising Complexity of Modern Threats
Global security dynamics have shifted dramatically in recent years. Threats are increasingly non-linear, asymmetrical, and difficult to detect. Cyberattacks can disrupt critical infrastructure without physical confrontation, while disinformation campaigns can weaken public trust and destabilize societies. The study emphasizes that modern conflicts span multiple domains simultaneously, including land, sea, air, cyber, and information spaces. Hybrid warfare combining conventional operations with cyber and informational tactics adds another layer of complexity, making traditional military strategies less effective. In this context, military institutions must evolve. “Readiness is no longer a static condition but a dynamic process that must be continuously developed,” the authors from Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia explain.
Simple but Strategic Research Approach
The research uses a qualitative descriptive design based on extensive literature analysis. The authors reviewed defense policy documents, academic journals, military doctrines, and strategic reports from both national and international sources. Instead of relying on field experiments, the study synthesizes existing knowledge to provide a comprehensive understanding of military readiness and training systems. This approach allows the researchers to identify patterns, best practices, and strategic gaps in current military training models.
Key Findings: Continuous Training Drives Readiness
The study identifies several critical outcomes of continuous military training:
- Improved individual performance. Continuous training enhances soldiers’ physical endurance, mental resilience, and decision-making abilities under pressure.
- Stronger unit coordination. Collective exercises, such as Field Training Exercises (FTX), improve communication, teamwork, and operational efficiency among military units.
- Greater institutional adaptability. Ongoing training enables military organizations to adjust quickly to technological changes and emerging threats.
- Enhanced interoperability. Joint and combined exercises with international partners strengthen cooperation and standardize operational procedures.
- Readiness for modern conflict scenarios. Scenario-based training prepares forces for cyber warfare, urban combat, disaster response, and hybrid conflict situations.
The study also highlights the importance of integrating advanced systems such as C4ISR (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) into training programs to support real-time decision-making.
Real-World Impact and Policy Implications
The findings have significant implications for defense policymakers and military leaders. Continuous training should be treated as a long-term strategic investment rather than a routine activity.
Real-World Impact and Policy Implications
The findings have significant implications for defense policymakers and military leaders. Continuous training should be treated as a long-term strategic investment rather than a routine activity.
Key recommendations include:
- Increasing funding for digital training technologies such as simulation and virtual reality.
- Integrating cyber and information warfare into core training curricula.
- Implementing data-driven evaluation systems to monitor performance and identify skill gaps.
- Strengthening coordination between policymakers, training institutions, and operational units.
By adopting these measures, military organizations can enhance their readiness, resilience, and ability to respond to both conventional and non-conventional threats.
Author Profiles
Deni Susanto is a defense researcher affiliated with Indonesian National Defense University, specializing in military strategy and national defense systems.
Sri Murtiana is an academic at Indonesian National Defense University, with expertise in defense policy and human resource development in military institutions.
Haetami is a researcher at Indonesian National Defense University focusing on military transformation, strategic studies, and organizational adaptation in defense sectors.
Source
Susanto, D., Murtiana, S., & Haetami. (2026). Military Readiness and the Urgency of Continuous Training in Facing Contemporary Threats. Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 5(3), 965–978.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55927/fjas.v5i3.38
URL: https://journalfjas.my.id/index.php/fjas
Author Profiles
Deni Susanto is a defense researcher affiliated with Indonesian National Defense University, specializing in military strategy and national defense systems.
Sri Murtiana is an academic at Indonesian National Defense University, with expertise in defense policy and human resource development in military institutions.
Haetami is a researcher at Indonesian National Defense University focusing on military transformation, strategic studies, and organizational adaptation in defense sectors.
Source
Susanto, D., Murtiana, S., & Haetami. (2026). Military Readiness and the Urgency of Continuous Training in Facing Contemporary Threats. Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 5(3), 965–978.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55927/fjas.v5i3.38
URL: https://journalfjas.my.id/index.php/fjas
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