Light wave physics can be challenging for students because many of its key concepts cannot be directly observed. Phenomena such as interference, diffraction, dispersion, and polarization require strong visualization skills. Conventional explanations based mainly on text or static images may not be sufficient to help students understand how these phenomena occur.
At the same time, the growing use of digital technology in education provides opportunities for teachers to present physics concepts in more visual and interactive ways. Google Sites offers a relatively flexible platform because teachers can combine text, videos, simulations, and other learning resources in one website that can be accessed through computers, tablets, and smartphones.
Developed Through Five Stages
Halwiah, Subaer, and Khaeruddin developed the learning media using a Research and Development approach based on the ADDIE model. The model consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation.
The development and field testing were conducted at UPT SMA Negeri 11 Pinrang. The participants included 31 students and one physics teacher. Three expert validators from Universitas Negeri Makassar—two content experts and one media expert—also evaluated the product.
During the analysis stage, the researchers identified learning needs through student questionnaires, interviews with the physics teacher, and curriculum analysis. The design stage focused on creating the website structure, interface, instructional videos, HTML5 PhET Interactive Simulations, and evaluation instruments.
The platform was then developed using Google Sites and reviewed by experts. After revisions and small-group trials, the final version was implemented in physics classes using the school’s digital infrastructure, including Wi-Fi, LCD projectors, and smartboards. Students subsequently completed a learning assessment and motivation questionnaire.
Media Validity Reached 97.31%
The expert evaluation showed that the interactive learning media was classified as very feasible. The content expert gave a score of 96.28%, while the media expert gave 98.33%. The overall average reached 97.31%.
The study also recorded a Gregory content validity index of 1.00, indicating full agreement among the validators regarding the evaluated aspects of the learning media. The results suggest that the content, interface, navigation, and multimedia components were considered appropriate for learning light wave physics.
Nearly All Students Achieved Learning Mastery
The strongest results appeared in students’ learning outcomes. Of the 31 students who participated, 30 students, or 96.77%, achieved the required learning mastery, with an average score of 85.87.
The distribution of scores was also positive. A total of 63.33% of students were classified in the good category, while 36.67% were classified as very good. No students were placed in the lower achievement categories.
Learning Motivation Increased by 18.72%
The benefits were not limited to academic achievement. Students’ learning motivation also increased after they used the interactive media.
Before implementation, the average motivation score was 70.28. After the learning intervention, it increased to 89.00, representing an 18.72% improvement and moving the motivation level from high to very high.
The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed positive changes among all 31 students. There were no negative ranks and no ties. This means that none of the participating students experienced a decrease or stagnation in their motivation scores.
The researchers associate this improvement with the flexibility and interactivity offered by Google Sites. Students can navigate learning materials more independently and access resources in a flexible way. This approach supports a learning environment in which students take a more active role in constructing their understanding.
Teachers and Students Found the Media Practical
The media also received strong responses from its users. Students gave a practicality score of 83.14%, while the physics teacher gave a score of 100%. Both results were classified as very practical.
The findings indicate that the platform was not only academically effective but also relatively easy to use in actual classroom conditions. The 100% teacher response suggests that the media could be integrated into instruction without requiring complicated adjustments.
For schools, this approach provides an alternative for developing web-based learning materials that can combine multiple resources in one platform. Google Sites can integrate services such as Google Docs, Slides, and YouTube, while also supporting interactive simulations such as PhET.
Future Development Could Incorporate Artificial Intelligence
The researchers believe that web-based interactive learning media can be developed further. One recommended direction is the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to support adaptive learning.
Future versions could potentially use AI to adjust learning sequences, assessment difficulty, and simulation parameters according to individual students’ learning pace. The researchers also recommend expanding the media to other physics topics, assessing higher-order thinking skills, involving larger and more diverse samples, and examining whether students retain their understanding over longer periods.
However, the study has limitations. The implementation involved only one school and a relatively small number of students, which limits the generalizability of the findings. The researchers also identified dependence on stable internet connectivity as a technical challenge. Future development could therefore explore offline or low-bandwidth functionality to improve accessibility.
Author Profiles
Halwiah: Lead author and corresponding author, Universitas Negeri Makassar. The article identifies the author’s institutional affiliation but does not explicitly state an academic degree or specific professional specialization.
Subaer: Co-author, Universitas Negeri Makassar.
Khaeruddin: Co-author, Universitas Negeri Makassar.
The journal article does not explicitly provide the academic degrees or detailed individual areas of expertise of the three authors. Those details are therefore not added to avoid introducing unsupported information.
Research Source
Article Title: Development of Learning Interactive Media Assisted by Google Sites in the Subject of Light Wave for Increased Learning Outcome and Learning Motivation
Authors: Halwiah, Subaer, and Khaeruddin
Affiliation: Universitas Negeri Makassar
Journal: Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)
Volume: 5, No. 8, 2026, pp. 1469–1484
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55927/ijar.v5i8.16919
Link Jurnal: https://journal.formosapublisher.org/index.php/ijar
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