A research team from Politeknik Negeri Bali and Universitas Udayana has developed a simulation model to improve the understanding of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC), a new generation of solar cell technology that uses natural dyes. The study, published in 2026, was led by I Gede Suputra Widharma along with six other researchers. The findings show that certain natural dyes can generate higher electrical current and power output when simulated using MATLAB.
The research was published in the Contemporary Journal of Applied Sciences Volume 4 Number 4, April 2026 edition. The study focused on designing a DSSC simulation model using three natural dye extracts as photosensitizers: Vernonia amygdalina leaves, Goeppertia macrosepala leaves, and Cnestis ferruginea fruit.
DSSC technology works in a way that resembles the photosynthesis process in plants. Unlike conventional silicon solar panels, DSSCs use dye molecules to absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy. Researchers consider this technology more affordable, flexible, and easier to manufacture than traditional silicon-based solar cells.
In the study, the research team used MATLAB and Simulink software to model the electrical behavior of DSSCs. The model simulated the current-voltage relationship under different environmental conditions, including variations in temperature and solar radiation intensity.
The simulations were conducted at temperatures ranging from 17°C to 37°C and solar radiation intensities between 2–4 kWh/m². The researchers also used UV-Vis analysis data to determine the light absorption coefficients of each natural dye extract.
The study produced several key findings:
- Higher temperatures slightly increased the voltage output of DSSCs.
- Stronger solar radiation significantly increased electrical current generation.
- Natural dyes from Goeppertia macrosepala and Vernonia amygdalina produced higher power output than Cnestis ferruginea.
- The MATLAB simulation model showed results consistent with laboratory experimental data.
The researchers found that dyes with higher light absorption coefficients delivered better solar cell performance. In the simulations, Goeppertia macrosepala achieved an absorption coefficient of approximately 4375 cm⁻¹, while Cnestis ferruginea recorded around 1400 cm⁻¹.
According to I Gede Suputra Widharma and the research team, the simulation model can help scientists and industries analyze DSSC performance without relying entirely on expensive physical experiments. The model is also expected to support the design and optimization of environmentally friendly solar panels based on natural dyes.
DSSC technology has strong potential for low-power electronic applications, including IoT sensors, calculators, wearable devices, and energy-efficient building systems. Because DSSCs can be transparent and produced in various colors, they may also be integrated into windows and architectural structures capable of generating electricity without sacrificing aesthetics.
The use of natural dye materials is also considered more sustainable than conventional solar cell manufacturing, which often involves toxic metals and energy-intensive production processes.
Author Profiles
- I Gede Suputra Widharma — lecturer and researcher in electrical engineering and renewable energy at Politeknik Negeri Bali.
- I Ketut Ta — researcher in electrical systems and simulation technologies.
- I Gde Nyoman Sangka — researcher in energy technology and digital communication systems.
- I Made Budiada — academic in electrical engineering.
- I Nengah Sunaya — researcher in energy systems and automation.
- I Made Sajayasa — researcher in renewable energy applications.
- A.A.M. Dewi Anggreni — academic from Universitas Udayana.
Research Source
Title: “System Modelling of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) with Three Natural Dye Extracts Using Simulation MATLAB”
Journal: Contemporary Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 4 No. 4, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55927/cjas.v4i4.168
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