Informal Communication Often Overrides Formal Systems in Marketing Decisions of Indonesian Family Firms

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FORMOSA NEWS - Jakarta - amily-owned conglomerates in Indonesia still rely heavily on informal communication when making marketing decisions. This finding comes from a 2026 study by Yobelina Christine Panuluh and Yohannes Don Bosco Doho of the LSPR Institute of Communication and Business, published in the International Journal of Management and Business Intelligence (IJBMI). The research is significant because family businesses account for a large share of Indonesia’s economy, yet their marketing decision-making processes remain underexplored.

The study reveals that family values, trust networks, and informal conversations function as real governance mechanisms—accelerating decision-making while also creating long-term risks.

Background: Family Businesses as the Backbone of the Economy

Indonesia’s economic growth has long been driven by family-owned conglomerates that evolved from small trading operations into multi-sector corporations. Despite their transformation into modern companies, many still rely on relationship-based communication rather than formal planning frameworks.

Second- and third-generation family members often hold key leadership roles, which means marketing decisions frequently emerge from trust-based discussions instead of structured meetings, formal reports, or strategic documents.

The research addresses two central questions:

  1. How do family values shape informal communication in marketing decisions?
  2. What are the advantages and risks of relying on informal communication in these firms?

Research Methodology

The study used a qualitative multiple–case approach involving five large Indonesian family conglomerates.

Data collection included:

  • 24 in-depth interviews with senior marketing executives, family members, and middle managers
  • Analysis of corporate publications, annual reports, and brand communication materials

Interviews were conducted between March and September 2024, lasting 45–90 minutes each. This approach allowed researchers to capture real-life communication dynamics behind marketing decisions.

Key Findings

1. Family Values Act as Decision Anchors

Three core family values consistently shaped marketing decisions:

Trust
Decisions from senior family members are often accepted without formal presentations. This speeds up decisions but leaves little documentation.

Family Honor
Marketing initiatives perceived as risky to family reputation are usually rejected, even if financially promising.

Continuity of Legacy
Founders’ stories and company heritage are treated as sacred, often retained in branding even when younger consumers show limited interest.

2. Informal Communication Dominates Decision-Making

Major marketing decisions are frequently discussed through:

  • face-to-face conversations
  • family meals
  • messaging apps
  • informal check-ins

Formal procedures such as board meetings or marketing documents often serve only to legitimize decisions that have already been made informally.

Non-family executives sometimes learn about major decisions through word of mouth rather than official briefings.

3. Advantages of Informal Communication

The research identified three major benefits:

Speed
Decisions can be made within hours instead of weeks.

Cultural Authenticity
Family values create marketing messages that resonate emotionally with Indonesian consumers.

Institutional Memory
Family members hold historical knowledge that is rarely documented but highly valuable.

4. Significant Risks and Challenges

Despite its strengths, informal governance creates serious concerns:

Lack of Transparency
Without documentation, it becomes difficult to evaluate failures or learn from mistakes.

Succession Risk
Critical knowledge often resides in senior family members. When they retire, governance gaps may emerge.

Limited Role of Professional Expertise
Data-driven marketing strategies may be overlooked in favor of family intuition.

One participant noted: “Everything is in the patriarch’s head. When he is gone, what do we have?”

A Deeper Insight: Marketing Decisions Protect Emotional Wealth

The study confirms the concept of Socioemotional Wealth, meaning family firms seek not only financial returns but also:

  • family reputation
  • family identity
  • generational legacy

Marketing decisions are therefore guided by the question: “What is appropriate for our family?” rather than purely financial metrics.

Implications for Business and Education

For family business leaders

  • Develop structured dialogue mechanisms that document informal decisions without losing relational authenticity.
  • Integrate formal and informal governance in marketing planning.

For marketing professionals

  • Technical skills alone are not enough.
  • Building trust with family members is essential for influence.

For business education

  • Management curricula should reflect the realities of family capitalism in emerging markets, not only Western corporate models.

Author Profiles

Yobelina Christine Panuluh
Researcher and academic at LSPR Institute of Communication and Business, specializing in organizational communication and family business studies.

Yohannes Don Bosco Doho
Lecturer and researcher at LSPR Institute of Communication and Business, focusing on marketing communication and family business governance.

Source of the Study

Panuluh, Y. C., & Doho, Y. D. B. (2026). When Informal Communication Replaces Formal Systems: The Influence of Family Values on Marketing Decision-Making in Indonesian Family Firms. International Journal of Management and Business Intelligence (IJBMI), Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 223–234.

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