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Village Resilience Study Finds Economic and Education Gaps in Southeast Sulawesi Rural Development
A new study by researchers from Halu Oleo University reveals that rural resilience in Indonesia depends on balanced progress in health, education, economy, and environmental sustainability. The research, conducted by Muhammad Arsyad, Peribadi, Suharty Roslan, Ratna Supiyah, and Megawati Asrul Tawulo, was published in 2026 in the journal Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani (MUDIMA).
The team analyzed the resilience of Teteinea Jaya Village using the Building Village Index (BVI), a framework used in Indonesia to measure rural development. Their findings show that while the village has relatively strong health services and stable environmental conditions, weaknesses in education systems and local economic infrastructure continue to limit long-term development.
The study highlights a central challenge in rural policy: strong environmental and social foundations alone are not enough to build sustainable village resilience without improvements in education and economic connectivity.
Why Village Resilience Matters
Village resilience has become an important policy issue across developing countries, including Indonesia. Rural communities often face overlapping challenges such as limited infrastructure, unequal access to education, climate vulnerability, and dependence on external markets.
Indonesia uses the Building Village Index (BVI) to classify villages based on three main components: social resilience, economic resilience, and environmental resilience. These indicators help policymakers identify which villages are independent, developing, or still disadvantaged.
According to the researchers from Halu Oleo University, rural resilience should not be viewed as a single indicator but as a multidimensional system where health, education, economy, and ecology interact.
In the case of Teteinea Jaya Village, the analysis shows that resilience levels differ significantly across sectors, creating structural imbalances that affect long-term development outcomes.
How the Study Was Conducted
The research used a qualitative phenomenological approach to examine how rural communities experience development and resilience in daily life.
Researchers collected data through:
- Participatory observation in the village
- Surveys and structured field documentation
- In-depth interviews with community members and local leaders
- Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)
- Analysis of rural development reports and official village data
The research team calculated the Building Village Index using three main indicators:
- Social Resilience Index (SRI)
- Economic Resilience Index (ERI)
- Environmental Resilience Index (EnRI)
The results were then combined with SWOT analysis to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to village development.
Key Findings of the Research
The study shows that resilience in Teteinea Jaya Village is uneven across sectors, with clear strengths and weaknesses.
Overall Village Status
- BVI score: 0.570
- Classification: Disadvantaged village
Although the score indicates moderate resilience, structural imbalances remain significant.
1. Health Resilience: Relatively Strong
Health services in the village show relatively positive results.
Key factors include:
- Access to nearby public health centers
- Availability of medical personnel such as doctors and nurses
- High participation in Indonesia’s national health insurance program
Traditional medical knowledge also complements formal healthcare systems.
However, health services still depend largely on facilities outside the village, meaning local health infrastructure remains limited.
2. Education Resilience: Formal Access Without Social Capacity
Education access is relatively available, including:
- Early childhood education
- Elementary schools
- Junior and senior high schools
But the research identifies major gaps in non-formal education.
Missing programs include:
- Literacy initiatives for adults
- Community learning centers
- Skills training programs
- Public reading spaces or libraries
As a result, many adults and elderly residents have limited literacy and digital skills, which restricts their ability to adapt to economic and technological change.
3. Economic Resilience: The Weakest Dimension
Economic resilience scored the lowest among all indicators.
Major structural barriers include:
- Poor road infrastructure
- Limited access to markets
- Weak banking and credit services
- High transportation costs for agricultural products
Farmers in the village rely heavily on citrus production, but poor transport connectivity often delays deliveries to markets.
The village cooperative exists as a local institution, but it has not yet developed strong supply chains or distribution networks.
According to the researchers, infrastructure and regional connectivity are critical for improving rural economic resilience.
4. Ecological Resilience: Stable but Passive
Environmental conditions in Teteinea Jaya Village remain relatively stable.
Findings include:
- Minimal industrial pollution
- Good water quality
- Low frequency of natural disasters
These conditions contribute to a high environmental resilience score.
However, the study warns that this resilience is passive, because disaster mitigation systems and climate adaptation strategies are still weak.
Without institutional planning, environmental stability could become a vulnerability if climate risks increase.
Implications for Rural Development Policy
The research emphasizes that village resilience must be built through integrated policy, not isolated sectoral programs.
According to lead researcher Muhammad Arsyad of Halu Oleo University, strong ecological conditions and health services cannot automatically generate economic growth without institutional support and infrastructure.
He explains that rural resilience emerges from the interaction of social capital, local institutions, and development structures, meaning policies must strengthen all dimensions simultaneously.
Key policy recommendations include:
- Strengthening village institutions and community organizations
- Improving transportation and regional market connectivity
- Expanding non-formal education and lifelong learning programs
- Transforming ecological stability into active disaster mitigation systems
- Encouraging community participation in development planning
These measures could help disadvantaged villages move toward sustainable and inclusive development.
Author Profile
Co-authors:
- Peribadi – Rural development researcher, Halu Oleo University
- Suharty Roslan – Social science researcher, Halu Oleo University
- Ratna Supiyah – Community development scholar, Halu Oleo University
- Megawati Asrul Tawulo – Rural policy and governance researcher, Halu Oleo University
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