Precision Military Operations Reveal Gaps in International Law and State Defense Capacity


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FORMOSA NEWS - Malang - A 2026 study by Joseph Robert Giri from Politeknik Angkatan Darat examines how modern high-level military operations can undermine national sovereignty. Published in the Formosa Journal of Science and Technology, the research analyzes the case of Venezuela and highlights why such operations succeed. The findings matter because they reveal how global power dynamics, weak legal enforcement, and limited defense capacity can expose nations to external intervention.

Rising Use of Precision Military Operations

Global conflict patterns have shifted in recent years. Instead of large-scale wars, powerful states increasingly rely on targeted, high-speed military operations aimed at key political figures or strategic assets.

The case examined in this study involves an operation targeting Nicolás Maduro on January 3, 2026. The event sparked international controversy and raised questions about sovereignty, legality, and the limits of global governance systems.

This shift reflects a broader geopolitical reality: military force is now used not just to win wars, but to achieve rapid political outcomes without prolonged conflict.

How the Study Was Conducted

Joseph Robert Giri applied a qualitative case study approach, combining global media reports, policy documents, and academic literature.

The analysis focused on three main dimensions:

  • Operational planning and execution
  • Strength of international law enforcement
  • Defense capability (deterrence) of the targeted state

The study used process tracing to reconstruct how the operation unfolded and why it succeeded, linking real-world events to established theories such as structural realism and deterrence.

Key Findings: Three Drivers of Success

The research identifies three critical factors that determine the success of high-level military operations.

1. Advanced Planning and Execution
Modern operations rely heavily on:

  • Accurate intelligence
  • Real-time coordination
  • Speed and secrecy

In the Venezuela case, the operation achieved its objective quickly without escalating into a full-scale war. This reflects a new model of warfare focused on precision and efficiency.

2. Weak Enforcement of International Law
Although international law—especially the UN Charter—prohibits cross-border use of force without authorization, enforcement remains inconsistent.

Key observations include:

  • Limited ability of global institutions to impose sanctions
  • Political divisions within international bodies
  • Dependence on voluntary compliance by powerful states

As a result, legal norms often fail to prevent unilateral military actions.

3. Low Deterrence Capacity of the Target State
The study highlights that countries with weak deterrence are more vulnerable to intervention.

In this case, Venezuela faced:

  • Limited military projection capability
  • Weak strategic alliances
  • Heavy reliance on international legal protection

This combination reduced the perceived cost of intervention for the attacking state.

Strategic Impact Beyond the Battlefield

The consequences of such operations extend far beyond immediate military outcomes.

According to the study, high-level operations can:

  • Disrupt political leadership structures
  • Undermine regime legitimacy
  • Shift regional power balances

These operations are designed to produce rapid political effects rather than long-term territorial control.

Implications for Global Security and Policy

The findings carry significant implications for policymakers, especially in emerging and middle-power countries such as Indonesia.

The research suggests that relying solely on international law is insufficient to protect national sovereignty. Instead, countries must strengthen their overall deterrence capacity through:

  • Integrated intelligence systems
  • Military readiness and modernization
  • Strategic defense partnerships
  • Active diplomatic engagement

Without these elements, nations risk becoming vulnerable in an increasingly competitive global system.

Academic Insight

Joseph Robert Giri of Politeknik Angkatan Darat emphasizes that the success of modern military operations is not purely technical.

He explains that success depends on “the interaction between operational sophistication, weak international law enforcement, and the limited deterrence capacity of the target state,” highlighting the need for a comprehensive defense strategy.

Why This Research Matters

This study provides a clear framework for understanding modern military interventions. It shows that power dynamics, not just legal norms, shape international behavior.

For governments, the message is direct: sovereignty must be supported by credible defense capabilities, not just legal protections.

For researchers and analysts, the study offers an integrated model that connects military strategy, international law, and political outcomes in a single framework.

Author Profile

Joseph Robert Giri is a defense scholar affiliated with Politeknik Angkatan Darat (Poltekad) Malang, Indonesia. His research focuses on military strategy, international relations, deterrence theory, and modern warfare. He specializes in analyzing how military operations intersect with global legal and political systems.

Source

Giri, Joseph Robert. (2026). High-Level Operation: Planning and Successfully Seizing Sovereignty. Case Study: Venezuela.
Formosa Journal of Science and Technology (FJST), Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 823–846.

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