Recent research conducted by Ni Kadek Nasya Putri Pratiwi, Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra, and I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra from Udayana University in August 2026 revealed that the permit costs for Building Approval (Persetujuan Bangunan Gedung/PBG) and Certificate of Feasible Function (Sertifikat Laik Fungsi/SLF) significantly influence barriers to sustainable building development in Badung Regency. This research is vital for evaluating spatial and construction regulations in a massive tourism region to increase legal compliance without overburdening developers.
Building permits function as a vital instrument to ensure that safety, functional, spatial, and environmental standards are met. However, when compliance costs and technical burdens are perceived as too high, applicants tend to postpone or avoid official legalization processes, ultimately threatening the principles of sustainable development across economic, social, and environmental dimensions.
This quantitative study involved 100 respondents out of a total of 1,284 PBG and SLF permit applicants in Badung Regency. Data collection was conducted using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire through a simple random sampling method, which was then analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA).
Data analysis results revealed the following key findings:
- Permit costs have a strong and significant effect on sustainable development barriers, with a coefficient of determination of 89.8% ($R^2 = 0.898$).
- Technical factors were proven to significantly moderate the relationship between permit costs and sustainable development, with an interaction significance level of 0.002.
- The overall moderation model was able to explain 97.4% of the variance in sustainability barrier data.
- The economic dimension was recorded as the aspect most strongly affected by permit costs ($\beta = 0.957$; $R^2 = 0.916$).
- The social and environmental dimensions were also significantly affected, with values of $\beta = 0.807$ and $\beta = 0.761$, respectively.
These findings indicate that permit fee policies should be made more proportional based on building risks. Local governments are also advised to simplify technical requirements, improve the reliability of the SIMBG digital system, and provide better information transparency so that legal compliance can align with sustainable development goals.
Author Profiles
- Ni Kadek Nasya Putri Pratiwi – Master's Student in Sustainable Development and Finance, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia.
- Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra – Lecturer/Researcher in the Master's Program in Sustainable Development and Finance, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia.
- I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra – Lecturer/Researcher in the Master's Program in Sustainable Development and Finance, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia.
Research Source
- Article Title: The Effect of PBG and SLF Permit Costs on Sustainable Building Development in Badung Regency: The Moderating Role of Technical Factors
- Journal Name: International Journal of Integrated Science and Technology (IJIST)
- Publication Year: August 2026
- DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijist.v4i8.45
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